1 Farm Tractor Product Features
Agricultural tractor is a kind of power machinery or power source, which is used to tow and drive various supporting machinery and tools to complete agricultural field operations, various earthwork operations, transportation operations and fixed operations. Agricultural tractors are generally composed of engine, transmission system, walking system, steering system, hydraulic suspension system, power take-off system, electrical instrumentation, cab and control system. According to their function and use, they can be divided into agricultural, industrial and special-purpose agricultural tractors; According to the structure type, it can be divided into crawler, wheeled, boat-shaped agricultural tractor (machine cultivator) and self-propelled chassis. Agricultural tractors must be combined with various work tools to form agricultural tractor units (or simply units) to complete various operations. The wide variety of work performed by the units covers all aspects related to agronomy. The wide range of applications determines that agricultural tractors have the following significant characteristics:
1) Wide adaptability.
Through the connection device with agricultural machinery, the power of agricultural tractors can be transmitted to agricultural tools in various forms. The output power of agricultural tractors is mainly divided into two forms: one is to rotate the shaft head independently or synchronously to output the power of the engine to the farm tools, and the general agricultural tractors are equipped with a variety of speed power output (Power Take off, PTO), and the power of the agricultural tractor is transmitted to the machine through the PTO shaft head; The other is to drive the farm tools to move with the agricultural tractor through the agricultural tractor engine, transmission system, and walking system to complete the output of traction.
2) The gearbox has a compact structure and many gears.
In order to complete a variety of operations with various farm tools, the gearbox is generally designed with multiple gears, and generally medium and large agricultural tractors have more than 10 gears. By the corresponding control mechanism, the driver completes the selection operation of the gear, and cooperates with the farm tool to complete the operation.
3) Configure more, rich options.
Agricultural tractors complete general farmland operations, with a large geographical span, and need to have a variety of configurations to adapt to different operating environments. Such as: paddy field operations need to be equipped with tread tires, tropical areas need to be equipped with air conditioning cab, transportation operations need to be optional air brake system, dry field operations in order to reduce the ground specific pressure need to choose double tires, etc.
The above-mentioned significant characteristics of agricultural tractors determine that agricultural tractors are complex machinery with compact structure, complexity, multiple configurations and multiple functions.
2 The development trend of agricultural tractors in foreign countries
Agricultural tractors originated in Europe and the United States, and have gone through more than 100 years of development history. The engine has gone through the development process of steam engine, gasoline engine to diesel engine, from the initial single cylinder to double cylinder and then to multiple cylinders; The gearbox has changed from the first 1-speed non-reverse gear of the steam engine, the 2nd and 3rd gears of the internal combustion engine with reverse gear to as many as dozens of gears and continuously variable speed transmission today, and the gear shift mode has also changed from sliding gear shift, meshing sleeve shift, synchronizer shift to power shift and continuously variable speed; The driving and riding system has also developed rapidly with the progress of the whole machine, from the initial simple seat without cab, to the current positive pressure fully sealed and comfortable electro-hydraulic, intelligent and highly integrated modern driving and riding system. In recent years, with the vigorous development of intelligent control technology, global positioning technology and network and information transmission technology, the traditional agricultural tractor has been profoundly transformed to make it more efficient, more comfortable and more intelligent.